Losses arise mostly from defoliation of severely infected trees, with consequently reduced yield. To facilitate prompt recognition brief descriptions in the form of a diagnostic key are given of the external symptoms of the principal diseases of the olive, recommendations for control being indicated. The effects of temperature, relative humidity rh, leaf wetness and leaf age on conidium germination were investigated for spilocaea oleagina, the causal organism of olive leaf spot. The olivetree biology in general and bioproduction in particular reproductive biology exhibits the peculiarity of alternate bearing, as we have described linked to nutrition metabolism turktas et al, 20 and microrna mirna yanik et al, 20. See the best books of 2019 browse the amazon editors picks for the best books of 2019, featuring our favorite reads in more than a dozen categories. The brown, bottleshaped perithecia contain a few brown, ovoid, doublewalled spores. Xylem ultrastructural modification and the possible participation of phenolic compounds in the natural defense or resistance mechanisms of olive plants infected with verticillium dahliae kleb. Over the past few years, intelligent spaces iss have received the attention of many wireless sensor network researchers. Limited information is available on pathogen survival and disease epidemiology.
Olive trees are susceptible to several pathogens that may affect the yield and quality of their products with important economic impact, such as diseases causes by fungi i. Biological control of peacock spot disease caused by spilocaea. Peacock leaf spot, caused by the fungus spilocaea oleagina, is among the most common fungal diseases in olive. Pdf evaluation of the incidence and severity of olive. Request the fulltext directly from the author on researchgate. The different susceptibility of olive cultivars to knot disease has been observed by several authors. Kresoximmethyl stroby wg, basf, a new strobilurinbased fungicide was tested for its activity on the germination of conidia of a population of spilocaea oleagina, obtained from naturally infected leaves in southern spain. It is a part of five book series on botany for degree students. Temperature and leaf wetness period had significant p 0005 effects on ols severity. This booklet on the protection of olive crops in portugal contains 6 chapters comprising. Fusicladium oleagineum, the fungal causal agent of olive. Identification the conidia and conidiophores that are formed on the leaf spots, can be observed under the optical microscope. The mycelium typically develops on the leaf tissue. Fusicladium oleagineum, the fungal causal agent of olive leaf.
Pessl instruments olive scab or leaf spot, spilocaea oleagina. Olive leaf spot ols caused by the fungus spilocaea oleagina cast. These cells are sympodial in fusicladium and percurrent in pollaccia and spilocaea hughes, 1953. Sep 19, 2017 spilocaea oleagina in olive groves of southern spain. Biological control of spilocaea oleagina, the causal agent of olive leaf spot disease, using antagonistic bacteria. Olive leaf spot caused by the fungus, spilocaea oleagina, is the most important leaf disease of olives in many olivegrowing regions. Olea europaea, spilocaea oleagina, chemical control, strobylurin. Phylogeny of the fungus spilocaea oleagina, the causal. Identification, description, biology, epidemiology, treatement, possible misleading, images. Recents works that used both morphological and molecular characters concluded. Spore discharge by the pecan scab pathogen, cladosporium carygenum. In this study, investigations were carried out to measure the incidence % infected leaves and severity number of lesionsleaf of ols in olive growing regions in palestine, including the regions of hebron, bethlehem, tulkarm, salfit, jenin, nablus, ramallah and. Symptoms are mainly confined to leaves and appear as dark brown, circular, zonate spots surrounded by.
In recent years there has been an increasing emphasis on investigations concerning the ultrastructure, reproductive biology, ecology, morphogenesis, physiology, biochemistry and related aspects of bryophytes. Due to increasing labour costs of harvesting of olives, the worldwide olive industry, including algeria, is moving towards easily mechanized planting systems i. As a realworld application of this architecture and the proposed methodologies, we show an application to the problem of modeling two plagues of the olive tree. Establishment of a sensitive qpcr methodology for detection. Phylogeny of the fungus spilocaea oleagina, the causal agent. The fungal diversity associated with leaves, flowers and fruits of olive olea europaea was investigated in different phenological stages may, june, october and december using an implemented metabarcoding approach. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. Then pick an article or two from the list that interests you. The revised edition of botany for degree students algae deals with the important system of classification of the plant kingdom, an account of thallophytes, life histories of important representatives of each class of algae and various aspects of the life cycles of algae. Olive leaf spot ols or peacock disease is one of the most destructive diseases on olive trees in many parts of the world. Lesions can be seen on the upper surface of leaves.
Spilocaea oleagina is a deuteromycete because it has no known sexual stage. It causes leaf abscission and, eventually, whole tree weakness, resulting in a subsequent loss in crop yield. Leaf infection is through the cuticle, which is pierced and enzymatically degraded by the hyphae. The disease affects trees throughout the growing season and can cause significant losses in yield. However, little attention has been paid to integrating fuzzy rulebased systems into collaborative wireless sensor networks for the purpose of. Survival, inoculum production, and dispersal december 20, volume 97, number 12 pages 1,549 1,556. Further growth by radiating mycelia, composed of branched hyaline, septate hyphae, expand to form round, flat submerged colonies between the outermost portions of the epidermal cell wall and the cuticular layer. Biology olive leaf spot ols caused by the fungus spilocaea oleagina cast. Spilocaea oleagina, causal agent of olive leaf spot, in north of iran. Biological control of spilocaea oleagina, the causal agent of olive.
Cycloconium oleagineum, was recently assigned to fusicladium oleagineum on the basis of morphological. Browning of the root tips cryptoascus oligosporus causes death of the rootlets. After all the old books but also look more old books more understanding. The fungus spilocaea oleagina causes peacock leaf spot in olive. Spilocaea oleaginea is a deuteromycete fungal plant pathogen, the cause of the disease olive peacock spot, also known as olive leaf spot and birds eye spot. A longterm study on the effect of agroclimatic variables. A distinguished set of contributors provide stateoftheart summaries of the most recent advances in bryology, with rich citation of the current literature. See which library the book is located in, and what section. Viruega jr, trapero a 1999 epidemiology of leaf spot of olive tree caused by spilocaea oleagina in southern spain. Recently, several studies have been devoted to identify their common capacities and to set up iss over these networks. An account is given of major olive diseases caused by bacteria pseudomonas savastanoi fungi, leaf spot spilocaea oleagina, cercosporiosis mycocentrospora cladosporioides, anthracnose colletotrichum gloeosporioides, verticillium wilt verticillium dahliae, phytophthorainduced rots, and intracellular pathogens viruses and phytoplasmas. Microscopic study showed that the mycelium propagated and passed from one element to another through the pit. Shops refuse of any discrepancy in the assessment and receive books.
Oss was evaluated in 92 epidemic events, which occurred in 14 locations in the andalusia region southern spain for 16 years. Olive scab caused by the mitosporic fungus spilocaea oleagina is the most important foliar. Wiesman z, ronen a, ankarion y, novikov v, maranz s, chapagain bp, abramovich z. This book is terrific, goes through biology and physiology with carefully organized chapters. Assignment to these genera depends on the morphology of the conidiogenous cells. Silicon reduces the incidence of venturia oleaginea. Epidemiology of leaf spot of olive tree caused by spilocaea. Pdf survey of the fungal species associated to olive. Temperature significantly p spilocaea oleagina particularly when the disease is well developed. Field models for the prediction of leaf infection and. Genetic variation in spilocaea oleagina populations from new.
Application of leaf extracts of ambrosia artemisiifolia to. Biologyandepidemiologyof venturia speciesaffectingfruit. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Spilocaea oleagina in olive groves of southern spain. Its twostep budflowering induction is a complex longlasting process fabbri and benelli, 2000. Principles of field biology and ecology new york et al mcgrawhill, 1958, by allen h. The effect of leaf age on severity was not significantly different p 0788 among repeated experiments. Application of leaf extracts of ambrosia artemisiifolia to control. Synoptic survey of the principal fungal diseases of the olive. Leaf diseases detected were olive leaf spot spilocaea oleagina and cercospora leaf mould pseudocercospora cercosporamycocentrospora cladosporioides. Biology and epidemiology of venturia species affecting fruit. Spilocaea oleagina, olivetree scab neves evaristo f. Olive scab caused by the mitosporic fungus spilocaea oleagina is the most important foliar disease of olive. Media in category spilocaea oleaginea the following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total.
A longterm study on the effect of agroclimatic variables on olive scab in spain author links open overlay panel joaquin romero a carlos agustibrisach a luis f. Choose a topic area that interests you from the choices under your subject i. A polynomial equation with linear term of leaf age was developed to describe the effect of leaf age on conidium germination. Detached leaves of five ages 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after emergence, six different temperatures 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30c, eight wetness periods 0, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 h, and three rh levels 60. Biocontrol control of the weed parasite orobanche teaching experiences undergraduate courses plant pathology integrated pest management microbiology biology 101 biology 102 graduate courses biotechnology for crop protection phd students cosupervision. See more ideas about biology, teaching biology and science. Genetic variation in spilocaea oleagina population from new. Ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in daphnia, by dieter ebert illustrated html and pdf at nih filed under. Organized into five chapters, this book begins with the discussion on the diseasecausing viruses, rickettsiae, bacteria, and fungi afflicting crustaceans. Factors affecting infection and disease development on olive leaves inoculated with fusicladium oleagineum. Spilocaea oleagina in olive groves of southern spain aps journals. The three drill shops intentions are the actual photos facsims prevail.
Full length article resistance of olive tree to spilocaea. Iannotta and monardo 2004 observed that both percentage of the number of leaves infected and surface occupied on leaves by the symptoms of the disease are significantly different in observed cultivars. Abstract olive leaf spot caused by the fungus, spilocaea oleagina, is the most important leaf disease of olives in many olivegrowing regions worldwide with yield losses of up to 20%. The formation of tyloses and aggregates contributed to obstruction of the xylem. Survey of the fungal species associated to olivetree olea europaea l. Although the disease has been recognised in mediterranean areas for over a century, little is known about the specific conditions that favour its biology. Books are not going to be as uptodate as articles because they take longer to publish. Investigations were carried out during october 2011 and october 2012, to determine the latent. Spilocaea oleagina is mediated by the synthesis of phenolic compounds. Symptoms of olive leaf spot disease on infected olive leaves source. The disease is controlled by application of coppercontaining fungicides prior to winter rains. Morphological and histochemical investigation of the response of olea europaea leaves to fungal attack by spilocaea oleagina. Biology and epidemiology of venturia species affecting. Although venturia inaequalis is considered a model species in plant pathology, other venturia spp.
The young leaves developed significantly p old leaves fig. If the sexual stage exists and is discovered, it will belong to the genus venturia. Pdf survey of spilocaea oleagina, causal agent of olive leaf spot. Concepts of botany algae pdf 21p this note contains explanation of algae, structure of alage and its classification. Its causal agent, formerly spilocaea oleaginea, syn. Evaluation of the incidence and severity of olive leaf. Susceptibility of cultivars to biotic stresses intechopen.
College of agricultural sciences and technology, palestine technical university kadoorie ptuk. Distinguished arab scientist arab fund fellowship program. Peacock spot disease caused by spilocaea oleagina on olive using bacteria 20002002. Pessl instruments olive scab or leaf spot, spilocaea. Latent infection of olive leaf spot disease on palestinian olives.
Frontiers biology and epidemiology of venturia species. Investigations were carried out during october 2011 and october 2012, to determine the latent incidence and severity of ols. Aug 23, 2015 selection file type icon file name description size revision time user. Relative to the substantial research that has been conducted on v. Genetic variation in spilocaea oleagina populations from. Pathobiology summarizes the state of knowledge, major advances, and important problems in crustacean diseases. Epidemiology of leaf spot of olive tree caused by spilocaea oleagina in southern spain article pdf available in acta horticulturae 474474. Roca a juan moral a b elisa gonzalezdominguez c vittorio rossi c antonio trapero a. One of the major problems threatening the young new zealand olive industry is olive leaf spot ols, also called peacock spot, caused by a fungus, spilocaea oleagina. The study of bryophytes is no longer confined to their morphology, anatomy, lifehistory, and phylogenetic considerations. Peacock spot, spilocaea oleagina, disease prevalence, disease severity, iran. Request pdf biological control of spilocaea oleagina, the causal agent of olive leaf spot.
In both experiments, 1 week before the inoculation with v. It consisted of the 454 pyrosequencing of the fungal its2 region and the subsequent phylogenetic analysis of relevant genera along with validated. In order to get insight, an in vitro culture of the fungus has been established and its identity confirmed by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Application of leaf extracts of ambrosia artemisiifolia to control spilocaea oleagina the causal agent of olive leaf spot disease on olive trees. This plant disease commonly affects the leaves of olive trees worldwide. Latent infection of olive leaf spot disease on palestinian. Briefly, the plant material was digested in nitric acid 33% under high pressure in a. Olive leaf spot ols is found in many parts of the world and cause readuced growth and yield in olive trees. Contribution to the knowledge of the biology of the spilocaea oleagina,1966,327 339. A longterm study on the effect of agroclimatic variables on. Effects of temperature, inoculum concentration, leaf age. Reviewed in the united states on september 22, 2010.
Books are usually about broader topics than articles, so you may need to broaden your search terms ex instead of texting perhaps search for cell phone use. Sara larki, mohammad hosein razi jalali, saeed goodarzi. Mazen salman this thesis was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the. Aug 31, 2000 bryophyte biology provides a comprehensive yet succinct overview of the morphology, systematics, ecology, and evolution of hornworts, liverworts, and mosses. The formation of tyloses and aggregates contributed to. Peacock leaf spot, sometimes also referred to as olive scab, olive leaf spot or cycloconium leaf spot, is one of the most common diseases of olive olea europaea trees worldwide obanor et al.
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